礼俗之间:“古不墓祭”研究反思

Between Etiquette and Customs:Rethinking the Study of “Ancient Non-tomb Sacrifice”

"古不墓祭"问题是学界一个颇具争议的话题,这一争端历时持久,且因近代以来大量考古材料的发现而更加尖锐。通过对"古不墓祭"问题的概念进行溯源,分析它的文本情境与社会环境,对其所表述的内容进行限定,再通过对文献与考古材料的爬梳,可以发现"古不墓祭"的争议存在于礼与俗两个层面。这场争议反映了传统的历史学研究与考古学研究之间的一些隔阂。考古材料的解读要根据大的社会背景,不能简单地用考古发现否定文献记载,亦不能拘泥于文献而无视考古发现。

The issue of"ancient non-tomb sacrifice"is a controversial topic in academic circles.This dispute lasts for a long time and is more acute because of the discovery of many archaeological materials in modern times.This paper traces back to the concept of "ancient non-tomb sacrifice",analyses its text situation and social environment,and defines its content.Then,by combing the documents and archaeological materials,it concludes that the controversy of"ancient non-tomb sacrifice"exists in the two levels of etiquette and customs.This controversy reflects some gaps between traditional historical research and archaeological research.The interpretation of archaeological materials should be based on the large social background.We cannot simply use archaeological discoveries to deny documents,nor can we stick to documents and ignore archaeological discoveries.