“俄罗斯北方”:当代俄罗斯北极大国身份的学术话语建构

“Russia’s North”: An Analysis of Academic Discourse Construction in Contemporary Russia’s “Great Arctic Power” National Identity

与北极相关的国家身份建构,是现阶段俄罗斯海洋战略、北极战略实施过程中的核心议题。“北方研究”,是当代俄罗斯学术界围绕北极空间开展的区域人文社会科学研究。北极正在成为后苏联时期俄罗斯重新定义国家身份的一个重要因素,俄罗斯正在被塑造为一个“世界上最为独特的北极大国”。而以北方研究为代表的“学术北极话语”,是这一身份建构过程中的关键性因素。俄罗斯学术界通过不断重复使用“俄罗斯北方”这一核心概念和基本话语,采取用“北方”代替“北极”的策略,从而获得一个更为广泛的自然、精神空间范畴,并形成了一个独特的“北方话语体系”。北方研究学术话语与官方政治北极话语、媒体北极话语、企业北极话语一起,从“过去”、“现在”和“未来”维度共同建构俄罗斯北极大国的国家身份。

In recent years, along with the implementation of Russian Arctic strategy and ocean strategy, the issue of Russian national identity construction related to the Arctic has become a core one. "Northern Studies" is a regional humanities and social science research trend conducted by contemporary Russian academic circles focusing on the Arctic. The Arctic has become an important factor when Russia redefines its national identity in the post-Soviet era. Russia is shaped as "the most unique Arctic power in the world". As a matter of fact, the "academic discourse of the Arctic" within the Northern Studies is key to construction of this national identity. By repeatedly employing such key concepts as "Russia’s North", and adopting "north" instead of "Arctic", the academia endows Russia with a wider natural and spiritual space. As a result,a unique "northern discourse system" has been established. Academic Arctic discourse, together with official Arctic discourse, media Arctic discourse and enterprises’ Arctic discourse shape Russia’s national identity as "great Arctic power" from three dimensions of "the past", "the present" and "the future".