摘要
“狗”虽是人类的好朋友与忠实伴侣,但在中国文化中的社会地位没有西方那么高。这可以从各种汉语“狗”文化的成语表征上反映出来,其中绝大部分为贬义,极少褒义。本文试图利用汉语大辞典软件和汉语语料库对“狗”类成语进行实证考察,结果发现:从共时角度看,“狗”以四字类成语为主,其中贬义应用最广,而褒义最少;出现在文学作品中的数量最多,而科技文本中则最少。从历时角度看,古代汉语中其褒义占上风,到现代汉语时贬义则占上风。换言之,并非贬义一直占上风,其主要理据在于“狗”的社会价值和其所处的社会文化环境,特别是后者。
The dog has been human beings' good friend and loyal partner all the time, yet its social status in Chinese culture is not so high as in western cultures. This can be verified from the idiomatic representations of dog in Chinese for most of the current representations carry with derogatory meanings while least commendatory. This paper attempts to conduct an empirical survey of such dog idioms in terms of the software HANYU DACIDIAN and Chinese corpora. The results are unveiled that, synchronically speaking, most of such idioms take the form of four characters, of which the most are derogatory, the least commendatory. Moreover, the most of them appear in literature works while the least in science and technology. Diachronically speaking, commendatory applications dominate in ancient Chinese, yet the derogatory prevail in modern Chinese. In other words, the derogatory applications did not gain the upper hand all the time, which can be motivated from the social value of dogs and their socio-cultural environment, especially the latter.
作者
刘国辉
LIU Guohui(College of Foreign Languages,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《外文研究》
2019年第1期10-16,32,106,共9页
Foreign Studies
