基于Ecopath模型的崂山湾人工鱼礁区生态系统结构和功能研究

An Ecopath evaluation of system structure and function for the Laoshan Bay artificial reef zone ecosystem

基于2014-2016年青岛崂山湾人工鱼礁区的生物资源调查数据,利用Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)软件构建崂山湾人工鱼礁区生态系统生态通道模型(Ecopath),系统分析了崂山湾人工鱼礁区生态系统的能量流动规律和结构特征,估算了栉孔扇贝的养殖容量。该模型由17个功能组组成,基本涵盖了崂山湾人工鱼礁区生态系统能量流动的主要过程。生态网络分析表明,生态系统各功能组的营养级范围为1.0-4.255,星康吉鳗占据了营养级的最高层。能量流动主要有5级,各营养级平均能量传递效率为10.8%,其中来自初级生产者的能量效率为9.8%,来自碎屑的传递效率为10.9%;系统总流量为14256.510 t km^-2 a^-1,其中68%的能量来自碎屑供给;系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸量为1.127,系统联结指数为0.293,杂食指数为0.333,表明崂山湾人工鱼礁区生态系统成熟度较高,食物网结构较复杂,系统内部稳定性较高。关键种指数分析结果显示,许氏平鲉具有较高的关键指数和相对总影响,表明其可能在当前生态系统中扮演重要的生态角色。吊笼养殖栉孔扇贝生态容纳量为189.679 t/km^2,在维持生态系统平衡和稳定的前提下,当前现存量最大可增加18.55%。

Based on an investigation in the Laoshan Bay artificial reef zone from 2014-2016, a trophic model of the Laoshan Bay artificial reef ecosystem was constructed using Ecopath with Ecosim software to analyze the energy flow pattern and attributes of the ecosystem, estimating the carrying capacity of Chlamys farreri. The model included 17 functional groups, covering nearly all the main processes of the energy flow in Laoshan Bay artificial reef ecosystem. Network analysis showed that the trophic level of the functional groups varied from 1.0-4.255, and Conger myriaster occupied the highest trophic level. Five discrete trophic levels were found, and the mean trophic transfer efficiency was 10.8%, with a mean transfer efficiency of 10.9% from detritus and 9.8% from the primary producers within the ecosystem. The total system throughput was estimated to be 14256.510 t km^-2 y^-1, with 68% originated from detritus. The ratio of total primary productivity to total respiration of the system, the connectivity index, and the omnivory index were 1.127, 0.293, and 0.333, respectively, showing an ecosystem with a high maturity, a complex food web, and a high internal stability. The key species index analysis showed that Sebastes schlegelii had a high keystone index and relative overall effect, indicating that it may play an important ecological role in the current ecosystem. The ecological capacity of the ecosystem for Chlamys farreri culture is 189.679 t/km^2;the current stock may increase by 18.55% of the current level.