海绵城市研究进展综述:从水文过程到生态恢复

Review on sponge city research: from hydrological process to ecological restoration

在我国快速城市化进程中,不合理的规划建设加剧了城市洪涝、城市缺水、生态功能降低等诸多问题,受国外低影响开发理念启发,国内学者提出了与城市水文过程紧密结合的解决之道“海绵城市”。在梳理海绵城市概念、内涵和发展现状的基础上,讨论了海绵城市建设与城市水文过程之间的作用关系,指出海绵城市研究涵盖水环境、水资源、水安全和水生态等众多领域且不断融合拓展。归纳了海绵城市的发展趋势,强调应更加遵循因地制宜原则,积极响应多尺度气候变化,科学认知城市水文过程并完善城市生态系统构建。提出了海绵城市建设优化框架,在理论上从单纯地关注水文过程转变到全方位倡导生态水文修复,在技术方法上重点融合生态水文途径改善城市水文空间体系,将生态恢复作为重要建设方式来提升城市应对灾害的弹性。

Under the background of China's rapid urbanization,the inadequate practices of urban constructions aggravate urban ecological consequences,including urban flooding,urban water shortage,and ecological degradation.Previous studies have proposed the concepts of low-impact development in urban regions.Based on these concepts and ideas,the definition of a"sponge city"is designated as an sustainable usage of urban water resources according to the urban hydrological processes.Here,we reviewed the relationship between sponge city and urban hydrological process by examining the concept,connotation,and development of the sponge city.The concept of sponge city covers many disciplines,such as the water environment,water resources,water safety,and water ecology.This concept has been continuously integrated and expanded under the concept of global change and urbanization.After summarizing the development trend of sponge cities,we emphasize the urgent need of current and future studies.First,we need to adapt the adapting principles with local conditions more closely.Second,the future study of sponge city should be actively respond to multi-scale climate change.Third,the construction of a sponge city should be based on the urban hydrological processes.Last,the construction of sponge city aims to improve the integrity of urban ecosystems.Finally,we proposed a framework for the optimization of sponge city construction in urban regions.The most important thing is to change the prevailing attitude from a focus on hydrological process to the advocacy of ecological hydrological restoration.In addition,much more focus should be placed on integrating hydrological approaches to improve urban ecological space systems and integrating ecological restoration into urban construction to improve urban resilience.