西藏山南地区花岗质岩石成因及其对地壳结构变化的记录

Petrogenesis and Geochemistry of Meso-Cenozoic Granitic Rocks and Implication of Crustal Structure Changes in Shannan Area, Southern Tibet

西藏拉萨地块南部发育大规模东西带状展布的花岗质岩石,记录了新特提斯洋壳俯冲晚期及随后印度-欧亚大陆碰撞、后碰撞过程的重要信息,受到了学者的广泛关注.对拉萨地块南部山南地区采集的6件花岗质岩石样品进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素及全岩主微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学分析,获得了~90 Ma、65 Ma及23 Ma三阶段的锆石年龄,显示区域内发育了三期岩浆活动事件.三个时代的岩石样品均为亚碱性系列,具类似埃达克质岩特征,富集高场强元素并亏损大离子亲石元素,稀土元素分布图呈右倾型,具有弧岩浆的地球化学特征.本文所有样品的锆石εHf(t)均为正值(+5.6^+14.6),暗示它们可能来源于新生下地壳物质的部分熔融.结合前人已有数据,采用花岗质岩石的La/Yb比值定量还原了山南地区100 Ma以来的地壳厚度演化历史.从晚中生代开始,区域内地壳厚度由厚减薄,到新生代早期达到最薄,此后逐渐增厚.这与中新生代以来新特提斯洋俯冲至印度-欧亚大陆碰撞-后碰撞过程引起地壳结构变化较好地契合.

In the southern part of the Lhasa block in southern Tibet, large-scale zonal distribution of granitic rocks is developed,where the important information on the late subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust and subsequent collisions and post-collision processes in the Indian-Eurasia continent is recorded. In this paper, LA-ICP-MS zircon U -Pb geochronology, Hf isotope and total trace elements and Sr-Nd isotope geochemical analysis of six granitic rock samples collected in the southern Shannan area of the Lhasa block were obtained. The three-stage zircon ages of ~90 Ma, 65 Ma and 23 Ma show that three phases of magmatic activity occurred in the area. The rock samples of the three eras are all subalkalic series, with similar adakite characteristics, enriched with high field strength elements and depleted with large ion lithophile elements. The distribution of rare earth elements is right-dip, geochemical with the feature of arc magma. The zircon εHf(t) of all samples in this paper are positive (+5.6-+14.6), suggesting that they may be derived from the partial melting of the new lower crust. Based on the previous data, the La/Yb ratio of granitic rocks is used to quantitatively show the evolution of crustal thickness in the Shannan area for 100 Ma. From the late Mesozoic, the thickness of the crust in the area was thinned from thick to thin in the Early Cenozoic, and gradually thickened thereafter. This is in line with the changes in the crustal structure caused by the subduction of the Neo-Tethys and the Indian-Eurasia collision - post-collision process since Mesozoic to Cenozoic.