单味中药及复方对实验性糖尿病视网膜病变防治作用的研究进展

Research progress in prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy by simplex and compounds of Chinese materia medica

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是一种常见的糖尿病微血管并发症,是成年人致盲的主要原因。近年来的研究表明,单味中药如葛根、姜黄、枸杞、银杏叶和丹参等,中药复方如活血解毒方、菩人丹超微粉、通脉糖眼明胶囊、芪黄明目胶囊和复方血栓通等在防治DR变中有一定作用,其作用机制与保护视网膜毛细血管周细胞、内皮细胞的功能,减少相关分子如晚期糖基化终末产物形成及其受体的表达,抑制NF-κB的活化,抑制血管内皮细胞生长因子的表达,缓解线粒体氧化应激,抑制凋亡基因及蛋白表达,保护视网膜神经细胞等有关。本文就近年来单味中药及复方对实验性DR的研究进展进行归纳,以期对中药防治DR病变及创新药物研究提供参考。

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. It has become the main cause of adult blindness. Recent studies show that traditional Chinese materia medica (TCMM) and compounds can help the prevention and treatment of DR. The mechanism may be attributed to protection of retinal pericytes, endothelial cells and retinal neurodegeneration, reduction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), receptor of AGEs (RAGE), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation, alleviation of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and inhibition of apoptosis. In this paper, we review the recent laboratory findings of DR treated with TCMM and compounds in order to provide reference for the prevention of DR and for TCMM innovation.