高架城市及其城市空间发展的三层结构模式

Concept of Elevated City and Three Layer Model for Urban Space

随着城市建设规模的不断扩大,城市交通拥堵、停车难及汽车尾气伴生的环境污染、热岛效应等问题日趋严重,已成为未来城市发展的瓶颈问题。近年来,全方位开发利用地下空间的呼声日渐升高,其中包括地下交通、地下商业空间、地下基础设施,甚至地下人居环境等,然而,人类需要阳光、雨露、空气,甚至风、雨、雪等自然生态。笔者认为,地下空间发展应该遵循的最基本原则,就是最大限度地满足人类生态环境的自然回归。基于这一理念,本文提出了以人为本的高架城市理念,通过人类活动空间层(高架层)、交通空间层(地面层)和地下基础设施空间层(地下层)的三层式空间结构,形成人居活动空间上移、影响人居活动的基础设施下移的城市规划建设新模式,为有效破解城市交通拥堵、人居活动空间短缺、城市空气污染等当代城市“综合征”提供新的思路。

With the expansion of urban construction scale, the ensuing problems, such as traffic congestion, parking difficulty, automobile exhaust pollution and heat island effect, are increasingly serious and have become the bottleneck hindering further urban development. Recently, the voice for exploiting and utilizing underground space synthetically has been growing louder and the possible underground facilities involve transportation, business, infrastructure, residential environment and so on. However, the natural ecosystem, which includes sunlight, dew, atmosphere, wind, rain, snow, etc., is indispensable for human life. This paper holds that the most basic principle for the development of underground space is to achieve the regression of human beings to the natural ecological environment to the greatest extent possible. Therefore, the people-oriented elevated city concept has been proposed. That is to develop a new mode for urban planning and construction by elevating the living space and lowering the infrastructure which may cause inconvenience to human activities through constructing the three-layer space structure composed of human activity layer ( elevated layer), transportation layer ( surface layer) and underground infrastructure layer ( underground layer). This new mode can provide an effective solution for solving the current urban “ syndrome” including traffic congestion, shortage of human living space, air pollution and so on.