黑胸散白蚁不同群体在形态分类特征上的差异性研究

Differences in the morphological classification of Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder

【目的】研究黑胸散白蚁Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder形态分类特征显著差异性。【方法】利用SPSS19.0对黑胸散白蚁兵蚁和成虫不同的量度特征进行差异单因素分析(ANOVA)、多重比较Duncan’s(P<0.05)和主成分分析。【结果】兵蚁头长至上颚端、头阔指数、前胸背板中区毛、前胸背板长、后颏狭、后颏宽、右触角最短节数、左触角节数和右触角节数9个指标在6个不同群体间变异较小,具有相对稳定性;成虫前翅宽、单复眼间距、复眼距头下缘、左触角最短节数、右触角节数、头长至上颚端和前Cu脉分支数7个指标在6个不同群体间变异较小,具有相对稳定性;显著性分析结果显示主成分分析选出的兵蚁的9个指标和成虫的6个指标在不同群体间存在显著性差异;不同种类白蚁的特征值测量指标亦存在一定程度重叠区。【结论】白蚁形态分类鉴定最好结合兵蚁和成虫的多个形态指标进行判断;种内形态指标的差异显著性及种间形态指标存在重叠,容易导致白蚁同物异名;白蚁形态分类学需要将形态分类学方法和现代分子生物学技术等多种技术有机结合。

[Objectives] To investigate differences in the morphological classification of Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder.[Methods] Single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA), Duncan’s multiple comparison(P<0.05) and Principal component analysis were used to analyze the morphological characteristics of soldiers and alates in SPSS19.0.[Results] Variation in 9 parameters of soldiers;length from head to mandible, head width, central setae on the pronotum, pronotum length, pronotum width, postmentum length, postmentum width, the least right-side antennal fragment, left-side antennal fragment and right-side antennal fragment, in the 6 populations examined was relatively small. Variation in 7 parameters of alates;fore-wing length,distance between the ocellus and compound eye, length from compound eye to head, the least left-side antennal fragment,right-side antennal fragment, length from head to mandible and branches of the fore cubitus, in the 6 populations was also relatively small. However, Principal component analysis indicated a significant difference in common parameters between soldiers and alates. In addition, there was a certain amount of overlap between the parameters of termites of different species.[Conclusion] The morphological classification of termites should be verified using multiple morphological parameters of soldiers and alates. Overlap between intraspecific morphological taxonomic criteria and interspecific morphological taxonomic criteria can easily lead to synonymy. The taxonomy of termites should therefore combine morphological taxonomy with modern molecular, and other, techniques.