二战后斯大林的德国政策再探讨(1945—1953)——基于与德国统一社会党领导人会谈记录的分析

Reexamination on Stalin’s Policy towards Germany after the World War Ⅱ(1945—1953): Based on theRecords of the Meetings with Leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany

二战结束后,斯大林在如何处理德国问题上的态度存在着某种张力,从而使得苏联在德国政策上的目标不够明确。斯大林起初尝试追求一个统一的、“联合政府”的德国,并希望它成为苏联与西方之间的一道安全屏障。但随着冷战的爆发以及“联合政府”政策在东欧的失败,斯大林一方面同意成立民主德国,另一方面却仍然要求把争取德国统一作为最重要的政治任务,并且在很长一段时间内不赞成在东德正式开展社会主义建设。1952年3月10日的“斯大林照会”是苏联力图阻止联邦德国融入西方集团的最后努力,在遭遇失败以后,斯大林最终接受了德国分裂的既成事实,但始终不愿意让苏联承担分裂德国的责任。这些状况间接导致了在他去世之后,苏联最高领导层在德国问题上出现了分歧。

After the World War Ⅱ,there was some tension in Stalin’s solution to the German Problem,which caused ambiguity of the Soviet Union’s goal in German policy. At first Stalin pursued a unified Germany with a "coalition government"and hoped that it would become a buffer zone of security between the Soviet Union and the West. However,with the break of the Cold War and the failure of the "coalition government"policy in Eastern Europe,Stalin tacitly approved of the establishment of the GDR’s government. On the other hand,he still demanded the struggle for the reunification of Germany as the most important political task,and he did not support the official socialist construction in East Germany for a long time. The "Stalin Note"on March 10 th,1952 was his last attempt to prevent the integration of the FRG into the western alliance. After the failure of his attempt,Stalin finally accepted the fact of the German split,but he was unwilling to allow the Soviet Union to assume the responsibility of splitting Germany. Stalin’s attitude towards the German Problem led to the disagreement in the highest Soviet leadership on the German Problem after his death.