基于DEA和Malmquist的我国上市物流企业运营效率评价

Operating Efficiency Evaluation of Chinese Listed Logistics Companies Based on DEA and Malmquist

以我国57家上市物流企业为研究对象,首先运用DEA法对企业在2013-2017年间的静态运营效率进行测算,并从总体上对测算结果进行分析,进而将物流企业划分为八种类型,在分类基础上对测算结果作深入分析,结果表明上市物流企业总体技术效率、纯技术效率逐年增加,规模效率先增后降,大部分物流企业处于规模报酬递减状态;其次运用Malmquist指数法对效率进行动态分析,还有企业全要素生产率指数增加主要来源于技术进步指数,技术效率变化指数主要受纯技术效率变化指数影响;最后根据分析结果提出未来进一步提高企业运营效率的对策建议。

In this paper, with 57 Chinese listed logistics companies as the research object, we firstly calculated the static operation efficiency of them from 2013 to 2017 using DEA and analyzed the calculation results. Based on this, we classified those companies into eight types, and then analyzed the calculation results in depth based on the classification. The result showed that the overall technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency of the listed logistics enterprises increased year by year, while the scale efficiency increased first and then decreased, and the returns to scale had been decreasing for most of the companies. Secondly, using the Malmquist index method, we analyzed the efficiencies dynamically, with result showing that the increase of the total factor productivity index of the companies mainly came from the technological progress index, and the change in the index of technological efficiency was mainly affected by the pure technology efficiency. Finally, according to the analysis results, we put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to further improve the operation efficiency the companies.