理工科博士生科研能力的养成状况及其影响因素研究——基于对我国研究生院高校的调查

A Study on Research Competence Development of Doctoral Students in Science and Engineering and Related Influencing Factors:Based on the survey of postgraduate schools at Chinese universities

现代科学研究的内涵与能力要求发生了重大变化,通过对研究生院高校理工科博士生的调查发现,当前我国博士生不仅在跨学科知识、知识产权知识、国际学术交流能力以及科研管理能力等新型科学能力要求上没有做好准备,而且在批判性思维、提出研究问题能力和学术写作能力等传统核心科学素养上也表现不佳。未来博士生科研能力的培养应重视跨学科课程、导师组与科研项目的建设,开设实用性强的方法技能类选修课程,提高学生参与国内外学术共同体交流的机会,注重发挥高水平导师和重点实验室的博士生培养效能,加强对不同类型博士生的个性化选拔与培养。

It is known that the connotation and requirements of modern scientific research have undergone major changes. After a general survey of doctoral students in science and engineering in postgraduate schools,the authors find that doctoral students of today are not up to the requirements of new scientific competence in terms of interdisciplinary knowledge,intellectual property knowledge,international academic communication ability,and scientific research management capability. In addition,their performance is not so desirable when demonstrating the traditional core scientific literacy,such as critical thinking,the ability to locate a research object,and academic writing ability. Based on the findings,the authors afford the following measures to the scientific research ability training for doctoral students in the future in the following aspects: strengthening focus on the integration of interdisciplinary programs,supervisor team and research projects,offering more optional courses that are practically useful in relation with methods and techniques,creating more opportunities for the students to participate in academic community exchanges at home and abroad,giving priority to the improvement of the training efficiency by high-end supervisors in key laboratories,and improving selection and individualized training of different kinds of doctoral students.