丹参药材的产地加工工艺研究

Study on Original Processing Technology of Salvia miltiorrhiza Raw Medicinal Materials

目的:研究不同加工工艺对丹参饮片质量的影响,为丹参产地加工成饮片提供参考。方法:采用山东两地(平阴、平邑)产鲜丹参药材,以鲜切、干燥三成干切、干燥五成干切、全干切、传统切[2015年版《中国药典》(一部)(简称药典)方法]、全干蒸后切、鲜蒸切、三成干蒸切、鲜煮切(再分为晾、烘)等24种工艺加工成丹参饮片,以饮片外观性状和水分、水溶性浸出物、醇溶性浸出物、有效成分含量(丹参酮类和丹酚酸B)等为指标对产地加工工艺进行综合评价。结果:从外观性状来看,传统切、鲜蒸切、三成干蒸切所得饮片表面色泽较好,成片率高,较符合药典相关描述。从水分、有效成分含量等指标来看,各工艺所得丹参饮片水分含量为3.60%~10.40%、水溶性浸出物含量为51.07%~70.18%、醇溶性浸出物含量为15.08%~20.36%,均符合药典规定的含量标准;丹参酮类含量为0.16%~0.79%,其中来源于平阴的饮片只有鲜切和鲜煮切烘样品不符合药典标准(丹参酮类含量不得少于0.25%),而来源于平邑的饮片均符合标准;丹酚酸B含量为4.51%~8.68%,所有样品均符合药典标准(丹酚酸B含量不得少于3.0%)。在所有加工方法中,以蒸切晾干工艺所得饮片各指标含量更高。结论:从饮片外观性状、有效成分含量等方面综合考虑,丹参药材的产地加工方法应以蒸后切晾干较宜。

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of different processing technologies on the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza decoction pieces,and to provide reference for original processing of S.miltiorrhiza to decoction pieces.METHODS:Fresh S.miltiorrhiza from two areas of Shandong province(Pingyin and Pingyi)were processed into decoction pieces by 24 kinds of processing technology,such as fresh cutting,dry cutting after dried 30%,dry cutting after dried 50%,full dry cutting,traditional cutting[from 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(partⅠ),shorted as pharmacopecia],cutting after full dry steamed,cutting after fresh steamed,cutting after dry 30%steamed,cutting after fresh boiled(then divided into air-drying and baking).The qualities of decoction pieces were evaluated for original processing comprehensively through appearance character and the contents of moisture,water soluble extract,ethanol soluble extract,and effective components(tanshinones and salvianolic acid B).RESULTS:From the appearance characteristics,the traditional cutting,cutting after fresh steamed and cutting after dry 30%steamed,decoction pieces had better surface color and high yield,which were more in line with the relevant description of the pharmacopecia.From the contents of moisture and effective components,the contents of moisture of S.miltiorrhiza decoction pieces were 3.60%-10.40%;the contents of water soluble extract were 51.07%-70.18%;the contents of ethanol soluble extract were 15.08%-20.36%,all above were all in line with the standard of pharmacopecia.The contents of tanshinones were 0.16%-0.79%.Only fresh-cut and fresh-boiled-cut baked samples from Pingyin were not up to the standard of pharmacopecia(tanshinones content was not less than 0.25%),while those from Pingyi were up to the standard.The contents of salvianolic acid B were 4.51%-8.68%,which were all in line with the standard of pharmacopecia(salvianolic acid B content was not less than 3.0%).In all processing technologies,the indexes of decoctions made by steaming,cutting and air-drying were higher.CONCLUSIONS:Comprehensive considering from the aspects of appearance character and effective components content,suitable processing method of S.miltiorrhiza raw medicinal materials is cutting after steamed and air-drying.