中国制造业全球价值链参与地位解析——基于KPWW方法测算

Participation status of China′s manufacturing industry in global value chain——Based on KPWW method

基于OECD和WTO联合发布的TiVA数据库,采用KPWW方法测算并比较分析了中国制造业总体的全球价值链参与程度和参与地位,并进一步将要素密集度作为划分依据,分析了中国制造业劳动密集型、资本密集型和知识密集型的细分行业融入全球价值链的参与程度、参与地位以及显示性比较优势的不同,得出以下结论:中国制造业整体全球价值链参与程度较高,参与地位较低,国际竞争力较强,存在"低端锁定"。其中,资本密集型行业全球价值链参与程度与参与地位最高,知识密集型行业垫底,而劳动密集型行业最具优势。可通过注重核心技术研发和创新、打造制造业高新优势行业、加快推动"一带一路"建设,摆脱"低端锁定",完成中国制造业转型升级。

Based on TiVA database published jointly by OECD and WTO, the article calculates and compares the participation degree and status of the global value chain in China′s manufacturing industry by KPWW method, and further uses the element intensity as the basis of division, divides Chinese manufacturing into labor-intensive industry, capital-intensive industry and knowledge -intensive industry, and calculates the participation degree and status of global value chain and comparative advantage of these industries. The following conclusions are drawn: China′s manufacturing industry as a whole has a higher degree of participation in the global value chain, a lower participation status, a stronger international competitiveness and has the phenomenon "low-end lock". Among them, capital-intensive industries have the highest degree and status of participation in GVCS, knowledge-intensive industries have the lowest level, and labor-intensive industries have the most advantages. We can get rid of the "low-end lock" and complete the "transformation and upgrading" of China′s manufacturing industry by focusing on the R&D and innovation of core technologies , creating new and high-tech manufacturing industries, and accelerating the promotion of the "One Belt and One Road" initiative .