从《柳文指要》看章士钊的“四民”合作思想

On Zhang Shizhao′s Thought of “Four Civilians” Cooperation from the Perspective of Liu Wen Zhi Yao

文章运用历史唯物主义的研究方法,从柳宗元的文集和章士钊的《柳文指要》等文献入手,并结合章士钊撰写此书的历史背景,分析了章士钊的"四民"合作思想的基本含义、历史渊源以及现实成因。《柳文指要》是章士钊晚年撰写的一部研究唐代文学家柳宗元的学术专著。章士钊在书中指出,针对社会严重的贫富分化和各行业隔绝的现象,柳宗元提出了士农工商"四民"合作的思想,并将之作为解决中国古代社会的农商矛盾、贫富对立的有效办法。章士钊将柳宗元的"四民"合作思想与当时中国的社会主义实践相结合进行分析,认为后者正是实现柳宗元"四民"合作理想的途径,"上山下乡"运动是打破历史上士农隔绝的好办法。

This article, by using the historical materialism research method, starting with Liu Zongyuan′s anthology and liu wen zhi yao and other literature, and combing Zhang Shizhao′s historical background in writing liu wen zhi yao , analyzes the basic meaning, historical origin and realistic causes of Zhang Shizhao′s ″four civilians″ cooperation thought. liu wen zhi yao is an academic monograph written by Zhang Shizhao in his late years on the study of Liu Zongyuan, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. In this book, Zhang Shizhao pointed out that in view of the serious social polarization between the rich and the poor and the isolation of various industries, Liu Zongyuan put forward the idea of ″four civilians″ cooperation among the scholars, peasants, artisans and merchants, which was regarded as the fundamental way to solve the contradiction between farmers and businessmen and the opposition between the rich and the poor in ancient Chinese society. Zhang Shizhao linked Liu Zongyuan′s thought of cooperation between people from the four trades to the socialism in China at that time, and held that the socialism carried out in China at that time was the way to realize the cooperation among the four kinds of people mentioned by Liu Zongyuan, and that ″going to and working in the countryside and mountainous areas″ movement is a good way to break the historical isolation between the scholars and peasants.