经济分化与宗族的“外强-中干”——以珠三角地区为研究对象

Economic Differentiation and “External Strength-Inner Weakness”of Clan——Taking the Pearl River Delta Region as the Research Object

由于特殊的工业化路径,珠三角农村在改革开放之初普遍形成“哥哥种地,弟弟进厂”的“一家两制”式分工,从而在家族内部产生“穷哥哥、富弟弟”的差异,割裂了最为亲密的社会关系。这种经济分化进而形塑为一种“不对等格局”,包含人情交换、生活面向、意义世界和彼此期待四个维度,造成宗族内部普遍的关系破碎化。同时,日益注入的资源使宗族得以重建和加强组织的结构和规范,进一步意外性地对内造成激化;但也因为宗族维系的存在,彻底的分裂或原子化得以避免,从而导致了珠三角地区宗族的“外强-中干”这一特殊的动态结构。其结果是走向貌合神离,结构与功能并不一致,甚至产生某种背离。

Due to the special industrialization path,the rural areas of the Pearl River Delta generally formed a“one family,two system"division at the beginning of Reform and Opening:elder brothers cultivated farms,younger brothers entered the factories.Thus it brings up the condition of“poor elder brothers and rich younger brothers"within each family,which splits the most intimate social relation.This kind of economic differentiation further shaped a kind of“unequal pattern",which includes four dimensions;Renqing exchange,life orientation,meaning world and mutual expectation,causing the general fragmentation of relationship in clan.At the same time,the increasingly infused resources enable the clan to rebuild and strengthen the structure and norms of organization,thereby intensify the internal relationship;but because of the existence of clan maintenance,complete division or atomization is avoided,forming a dynamic structure of“external strength-inner weakness"in the Pearl River Delta region.As the result,the clan is seemingly in harmony but actually at variance,structure and function are not consistent,and even generates some kind of divergence.