我国未成年人犯罪记录封存制度研究

Research on the System of Juvenile Sealed Criminal Records in China

封存犯罪记录是未成年人再社会化过程中不可或缺的一部分。消除因犯罪记录产生的"标签效应",对未成年犯罪人重新回归社会发挥着至关重要的作用。通过调查发现,犯罪记录封存制度在实践中发挥了积极的作用。但是,制度运行中仍然存在监督与救济程序缺失、查询程序不规范、封存效力不明确以及相关部门之间的衔接与配合脱节等问题。此外,该制度在运行中与少年司法其他制度之间存在着冲突,而且单一的封存模式以及适用条件,不利于实现双向保护的目的。对此,应当通过采取"原则+例外"的立法模式、设置合理的考验期、完善监督与救济、明确封存效力以及加强各部门之间的衔接与配合等方式,对制度进行完善。此外,应当以整体性视角看待该制度,缓解犯罪记录封存制度与其他少年司法制度之间的冲突,使制度内部相互协调。

Sealing criminal records is an indispensable part of the process of re-socialization of minors.Eliminating the passive effect of"label effect"resulting from criminal records plays a vital role in the rehabilitation and reintegration of juvenile.Through the investigation,we found that the sealed criminal records system has played an active role in practice.However,there are still some problems in operating the system,such as the lack of supervision and relief procedures,the irregularities of the inquiry procedure,the unclear effectiveness of the storage and the lack of connection and cooperation between the relevant departments.In addition,there are fierce conflicts between the system and other juvenile justice systems.Also a single storage model and the applicable conditions are not conducive to the purpose of two-way protection.In this regard,we can improve the system by adopting the legislative model of"principle+exception",setting up a reasonable test period,perfecting supervision and relief,clarifying the effectiveness of storage,and strengthening the connection and cooperation among various departments.Furthermore,we should look at the system from a holistic perspective,alleviate the conflict between the sealed criminal record system and other juvenile justice systems,and then make the system coordinate with each other.