司法目标与国家权力结构:《人民检察院组织法》立法变迁的经纬线

Judicial Goal and State Power Structure:The Latitude and Longitude Lines of the Legislative History of the Organization Law of the People’s Procuratorate

《人民检察院组织法》历经了三次重大的立法与修订、两次暂行条例的制定以及两次具体规则的调整。修改的内容从检察院的性质定位、领导体制、组织结构、人事任命等方面展开,不一而足。在纷繁的内容修订之下,可以提炼出两条主要线索:一条经线,即修改要与国家当下的司法目标相适应;一条纬线,即修改要与国家权力结构的调整相契合。从进一步的思考中,可以提炼出一个命题:《组织法》修改中几乎所有的重大争议都是两条线索之间张力产生的结果。这一观察有助于我们梳理争议之本质、了解这些争议在时间维度上的变化以及对未来《组织法》修改方向的把握。

Until the revision of the Organic Law of the People’s Procuratorate in 2018,the law has gone through three major legislative revisions,two interim regulation issues and two specific rules adjustments.The latest revision concerns with the nature of the procuratorate,the leadership mechanism,the organizational structure,and the personnel appointment.Exploring the complicated revision,two main clues can be extracted.The longitude of the revision is compatible with the current judicial goal of the country,and the latitude of the revision is consistent with the adjustment of the state power structure.Furtherly thinking,one can extract a proposition:almost all the major controversies in the revision of the Organic Law are the result of tension between the two clues.This observation has great theoretical and practical significance in sorting out the nature of the controversy,understanding the changes of these controversies in the time dimension,and grasping the direction of the future revision of the Law.