正当防卫制度的沉睡与激活

The Sleep and Activation of the Self-Defense System

正当防卫制度是法律赋予公民在公权力难以及时介入情形下的私力救济权。刑事立法对公民的正当防卫权采取鼓励和支持的态度,但司法实践总体呈现"谨慎出罪、量刑偏重"的倾向,这既有理念的原因,也有制度和技术的因素。在考察域外立法例与实务运作以及本土语境下正当防卫制度根基的基础上,应当通过树立根植于本土的公众司法观,从认识因素和意志因素重新厘清防卫意图与伤害意图的关系,以"重行为、轻结果"的判断标准重构行为相当性判断准则,并最大可能地摆脱案外隐性因素对刑事审判的影响等途径唤醒沉睡的正当防卫制度。

Self-defense system is a self-protection remedy endowed by law under the situation of untimely intervention of public power.The law encourages and supports citizens to carry out right of self-defense.However,it is not commonly applied in judicial practice of our country.The judicial practice is featured with"prudently imposing lighter sentences and prefer heavier sentences",which is not only owing to the concept factors but also because of institutional and technological factors.Based on investigating overseas legislation examples,practice operations and the basis of the self-defense system under the local context,activating the application of self-defense system needs to establish a judicial concept accepted by the domestic citizens,clarify the relationship between defense intention and injury intention,restructure behavior equipollence judgement standards according to the judgement standards of"focusing on behavior and neglecting result",and get rid of the influence of recessive factors on criminal justice.