儿童脓毒症的病原学特点

Etiological characteristics of sepsis in children

脓毒症是儿童比较常见的危急重症,持续保持着较高的发病率和病死率,是儿童死亡的重要原因。其病原体包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等,其中细菌感染占绝大部分,所以抗菌药物一直是治疗脓毒症最有力的武器,在挽救感染患儿生命中发挥了巨大的作用。但抗菌药物的使用基于一定的病原学基础,且由于病原检查的时效性,早期结合患儿的临床特征、易感因素及当地流行病学情况,评估可能的感染原,对科学合理的选择抗生素治疗格外重要。该文主要复习近年来儿童脓毒症病原学分析的文献资料,对其病原学特点进行综述。

Sepsis is a common critical disease in children with a high morbidity and mortality, and is an important cause of death in children.Its pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, among which bacterial infections account for the majority, so antimicrobial drugs have been the most powerful agents in the treatment of sepsis, and have played a great role in saving the lives of infected children.However, the use of antimicrobial agents is based on a certain etiological basis, and due to the timeliness of pathogen testing, early combination of the clinical characteristics of children, susceptible factors and local epidemiology to assess the possible infection is very important to choose antibiotic treatment scientifically and reasonably.This article reviews the literature on etiological analysis of paediatric sepsis in recent years and summarizes its etiological characteristics.