高中生实时估分的性别差异

Gender Differences in Real-Time Score Estimation of High School Students

实时估分是考试过程中常见的行为,也是元认知监控在考试过程中的体现,本研究考察其性别差异。本研究将2005、2008、2011和2014年全国高考甲卷中的语文、数学(理科)和英语试题分成34个分试卷施测于高中生,要求被试每做一题都估计该题得分率。结果表明,实时估分的性别差异因科目而异:男生数学实测得分率和估计得分率都显著高于女生;两性均高估语文成绩,男生实测成绩显著低于女生,但实时估分与女生持平;两性均低估英语成绩,且男生实测与实时估分均低于女生。上述结果亦表明,过度自信这一认知错觉的发生可能以一定的任务特点为前提条件。

Real-time score estimation was defined in this study as examinee’s item-wise score prediction after answering each item. As a frequent behavior in the exam, real-time score estimation is a type of score prediction and may have some relationships with metacognition. This study aims to describe the gender differences between high school students in their real-time score estimation. High school students were required to solve the items from the test papers of the National College Entrance Examination(Volume I) of the year 2005, 2008, 2011 and 2014. The result showed that, for Math, both measured-and estimated scoring rates of male participants were significantly higher than that of female participants, and there was neither over-nor under-estimation by both genders. For the Chinese Language, both genders overestimated their scores. Although male participants got significantly lower scores, their over-estimation amount was much more than that of female participants, and as a result, there was no significant gender difference in estimated scoring rates. For the English Language, both genders underestimated their performance, and male participants got both lower real scores and lower estimated scores than female participants. These results also show that the overconfidence might be a domain-specific bias.