全球竞争下社会保障支出的地区差异:基于长三角和珠三角的比较

Globalization, Local Context and Regional Differences of Social Security Spending in China

为全体公民提供社会保障是现代国家的基本功能之一。大量研究发现,全球竞争的压力导致发展中国家社会保障支出降低,从而可能进一步扩大社会不平等程度。然而,在经济全球化的压力下,我国却出现了社会保障支出稳步上升的现象。本文以长三角和珠三角25个城市2000-2014年的政府社会保障支出为研究对象,运用政治社会学的福利国家理论和经济全球化理论,通过面板数据的回归分析,描述并比较了两个地区政府社会保障支出水平的差异及其决定因素。研究发现,尽管经济全球化进程对人均社会保障支出有负效应,两地的财政能力、劳动争议数量和经济发展水平构成促进政府社会保障支出的重要动力。两地的区别在于,长三角地方政府更能抵御经济全球化的压力,珠三角地方政府社会保障支出则显著受到经济全球化的抑制作用,随着劳动争议数量增加,这一抑制作用逐渐消失。本研究是较早采用经验数据系统分析我国社会保障支出模式的一次尝试,为理解市场转型中制度变迁机制提供了全球化视角。本研究还探讨了长三角和珠三角在参与全球经济方式上的异同,为理解这两地的区域差异提供了新的视角。

Most research finds that global competition pushes down social security spending in developing countries,which may result in higher social inequality.In contrast,China achieves higher social security spending facing global challenges.Based upon the panel data of 25 cities from the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta spanning 2000-2014,this research finds that economic development and labor disputes significantly increase social security spending per capita when facing the pressure from global market.Regional differences exist.In the Yangtze River Delta,the negative effect from economic globalization is mixed and not consistent,while in the Pearl River Delta,the governmental spending on social security is highly decreased by economic globalization.In addition,the negative consequences of economic globalization are alleviated and offset as the level of labor disputes increase in the Pearl River Delta.This research is one of the first attempts to explore the pattern of social security spending in China,and will helps to understand institutional change in China by integrating global and local factors.This research also helps to understand the regional differences between the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta.