城乡居民养老保险对代际收入转移的影响:基于CLHLS 2005—2014的纵贯分析

Effects of the Residents Old-age Insurance on Intergenerational Financial Transfers:A Longitudinal Analysis Based on CLHLS 2005-2014

文章借助CLHLS 2005-2014年全国追踪调查数据,使用倍差法(DID)评估了我国城乡居民养老保险制度对三类六种家庭代际收入转移意愿和水平的影响。研究发现,养老保险制度与代际收入转移并不是简单的线性关系。养老金一方面挤出了子女向父母转移支付的意愿和水平;另一方面具有外溢效应,增强了老年人向儿子、孙子女的收入转移,两者使约19%的养老金流向了子女和孙子女。同时挤出效应和外溢效应具有显著的性别差异和社会阶层差异,对父母与儿子、祖父母与孙子女的影响明显高于对父母与女儿的影响,对低收入阶层的挤出效应显著高于高收入阶层。进一步地,随着养老金待遇的提高,挤出效应得到一定抑制,但外溢效应进一步增强。本研究对于理解我国城乡居民养老保险制度的实施效果,改革待遇调整机制,保障低收入阶层老年人基本生活具有重要的政策启示。

Using the national longitudinal data of CLHLS 2005-2014,this study analyses the effects of Residents Pension Scheme on six categories in three dimensions of intergenerational financial transfers with the method of DID.Results show nonlinear relationships between pensions and intergenerational transfers.On the one hand,pensions crowd out transfers from children to their parents;on the other hand,pensions crowd in transfers from the older generation to the younger generation.The combined effects resulted in a reduction of 19 percent of pensions for the older people.Meanwhile,the crowding-in and crowding-out effects differ among genders and different income groups.Effects on relationships between parents and sons,grandparents and grandchildren are much stronger than those between parents and daughters,and the crowding-out effect on low-income groups is more significant than that of the high-income groups.Furthermore,with the increase of pension,the crowding-out effect weakens and the crowding-in effect is enhanced.This paper has important implications for a better understanding of the implementation of pension scheme for urban and rural residents,reforming the mechanism for adjustment pension benefits and guaranteeing the basic livelihood of the low-income elders.