构建“雇主主导”型培训模式的新尝试——英国学徒税制度研究

A New Try on Developing "Employer-Led" Training——Study on Apprenticeship Levy in UK

英国的学徒培养在提升技能、提高生产力、增加就业并促进经济发展等方面作用显著,但政府主导的学徒经费模式没有充分利用雇主资源且带来学徒培养指向的偏差,影响了学徒培养的成效和进一步发展的空间。英国政府为此推行学徒税制度,旨在促使更多雇主参与学徒培养并将学徒培养的主导权置于雇主手中,通过推动“雇主主导”式学徒培养模式增强技能供需的匹配度。我国学徒培养工作正处于试点推进阶段,各方呼吁政府加大投入激发雇主参与力度。在此背景下,英国的做法具有很强的提醒和启示作用。

Apprenticeship contributes a lot to skills, productivity, employment, social and economic development in UK. However, UK government-controlled funds failed to make full use of employers' money and resulted in difficulties for larger scale and better efficiency of apprenticeship for lack of employers' involvement. UK government accordingly kicked off Apprenticeship Levy to involve more employers in apprenticeship and put control of training in hands of employer, bettering the match between supply and demand in labor market. Apprentices preparation in China is still on pilot stage and is also faced with the problem of lacking employersz involvement. To solve the problem, relevant parties have been appealing for support and resources from governments. Lessons and experience from UK will therefore be an on-time reminder.