深圳部分娱乐休闲场所全面禁烟前后室内空气尼古丁检测结果分析

Changes of indoor air nicotine levels after smoking ban in some entertainment places in Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市部分娱乐休闲场所取消缓冲期前后室内尼古丁浓度变化,评价《深圳经济特区控制吸烟条例》在娱乐场所的执行效果,为下一步修订和执法提供科学依据。方法 2016年12月与2017年12月分别在深圳市(6个行政区)选取60家与52家娱乐场所,采用被动式尼古丁采样器对室内尼古丁浓度进行检测,同时对场所违法吸烟与法规执行情况等进行现场观察。结果取消缓冲期前后提供烟具的场所比例由72.88%降至21.15%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=29.60,P<0.05);场所禁烟标识张贴率升高(χ^2=17.40,P<0.05);111家娱乐场所282个采样点有281个检测到尼古丁;酒吧、歌舞厅与休闲服务场所室内空气尼古丁浓度均有下降,其中歌舞厅浓度中位数由5.57μg/m^3下降至4.01μg/m^3,下降了28.01%,差异有统计学意义(U=355.00,P<0.05);取消缓冲期前后,酒吧烟草烟雾浓度最高(7.85μg/m^3、 6.49μg/m^3),休闲服务场所浓度最低(1.42μg/m^3、1.10μg/m^3);三类场所室内尼古丁浓度四分位数间距均增大。结论深圳市取消娱乐休闲场所缓冲期后,该类场所室内烟草烟雾浓度有所下降,且场所履行职责的情况好转,但娱乐休闲场所的室内环境烟草烟雾暴露情况依然严重。

Objective To discuss the changes of indoor air nicotine levels after smoking ban in some entertainment places in Shenzhen, to evaluate the implementation of Shenzhen Smoking Control Regulation in entertainment places, and to provide scientific evidence for further revision and enforcement of regulation. Methods In December 2016 and December 2017, 60 and 52 entertainment places were selected from 6 administrative regions in Shenzhen.The indoor air samples were collected using the passive nicotine sampler and the levels of nicotine were determined.On-site investigation was conducted for illegal smoking and law enforcement. Results After the smoking ban, the percentage of entertainment places providing cigarettes decreased significantly from 72.88% to 21.15%(χ^2=29.60, P<0.05), and the posting rate of smoking ban signs significantly increased from 38.98% to 78.43%(χ^2=17.40,P<0.05).Out of 282 samples collected from sampling sites of 111 entertainment places, 281 were nicotine positive.The indoor air nicotine levels decreased in bars, ball rooms and recreational sites, with the biggest drop of 28.01%(from 5.57 μg/m^3 to 4.01 μg/m^3) in ball rooms(U=355.00, P<0.05).The highest nicotine level was detected in bars(7.85 μg/m^3, 6.49 μg/m^3) and the lowest was in recreational sites(1.42 μg/m^3, 1.10 μg/m^3) before and after smoking ban.The IQR of indoor nicotine levels increased in all three places. Conclusions After the implementation of smoking ban,the indoor air nicotine levels decrease in the entertainment places in Shenzhen with improved compliance.However,the situation of indoor air smoke exposure in entertainment places is still serious.