国际托幼机构质量评估的价值取向与启示——基于六国评估指标体系的可视化图谱分析

The Quality Assessment of International Child Care Institutions——Value Orientation and Implications Based on a Visual Analysis of Six Countries’ Assessment Indicator Systems

为切实促进学前教育质量提升,国际社会愈加重视托幼机构的质量评估。采用共词分析法对美国等六个国家的托幼机构质量评估指标体系进行可视化图谱分析发现,在价值取向上,当前国际社会呈现出强化评估的引导性以服务于多元主体;积极引入第三方评估以保证中立性和客观性;构建全国统一的质量认证体系以加强评估过程的规范化与科学性;强调促进儿童发展以及各评估要素的相互作用与联系等基本价值取向。在评估的核心指标上主要聚焦与家庭和社区的关系、托幼机构管理与教师素养、课程与教学、安全与卫生四大核心维度。我国应尽快推动建立国家层面的托幼机构质量评估体系,促进各类机构规范发展;加快推进管办评分离,积极引入第三方评估;以促进发展为导向,加强评估结果的运用并服务于多元主体;关注过程性和结果性评估指标,完善托幼机构质量评估标准。

To improve the quality of preschool education, the international community is increasing attention to the quality assessment of child care institutions. This study, by making a co-word analysis to visualize the quality assessment indicator system of child care institutions in the United States and other five countries, finds the following: In terms of value orientations, the current international community tends to direct the assessment to serve multi-stakeholders;actively introduces third-party assessors to ensure neutral and objective assessment;builds a unified quality certification system nationwide to intensify the standardized and scientific process of assessment;and emphasizes the promotion of child development and the connections between the elements for assessment;in terms of the core indicators of quality assessment, these countries focus on such dimensions as the relationship between the family and the community, child care institution management and teachers' professional quality, the curriculum and teaching, and safety and hygiene. In conclusion, the authors suggest establishing the national-level system for the quality assessment of child care institutions to promote the standardized development of various child care institutions;accelerating the separation of supervision, operation and assessment, and actively introducing third-party assessors;promoting development-oriented assessment, and using more assessment results in multi-stakeholders;and focusing on procedural and outcome-based assessment indicators to improve the quality assessment standards for child care institutions.