中国“一村一品”示范村镇的空间分异格局

Spatial Differentiation Patterns of "One Village One Product" Demonstration Villages and Towns in China

乡村振兴战略是实现农业农村现代化和国家现代化的大战略,"一村一品"可为乡村振兴提供新动能。以农业农村部审核认定的1 922个中国一村一品示范村镇为研究对象,综合运用ArcGIS空间分析及地理探测器方法系统揭示"一村一品"空间格局特征及其影响因素。研究发现:①"一村一品"空间分布均表现出明显差异性:北部多南部少、东部多西部少,农业产业村镇最多、林牧渔等产业村镇较少。②"一村一品"呈凝聚型分布态势且空间显著集聚,地理重心具有"Z"字形和"一"字形的迁移轨迹特征。③"一村一品"核密度高值区独立且明显,剩余等级区向外递减,空间格局与全国主体功能区农业战略格局高度吻合。④"一村一品"点系统分形特征显著,结构较为复杂。乡村人口、农林牧渔业增加值、耕地面积、粮食产量、水果产量和水产品总产量等为空间分异特征核心影响因素。

The rural revitalization strategy is a grand strategy to realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and the modernization of the country."One Village One Product"(OVOP) is an important carrier to help rural revitalization. Taking the 1922 OVOP demonstration villages and towns in China identified by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as the research object, ArcGIS spatial analysis and geographic detector method are used to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of OVOP demonstration villages and towns and its influencing factors. The results show that: 1) It shows significant differences in the spatial distribution of OVOP demonstration villages and towns: it presents the decline trend from the north to the south and from the east to the west, and has more agricultural industrial villages and towns than forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industrial villages and towns;2) OVOP has a cohesive distribution and a significant spatial agglomeration. The trajectories of geographical gravity center has the characteristics of "Z-shaped" and horizontal movement;3) The higher value areas of kernel density of OVOP are independent and obvious, and surrounded by low value areas. The kernel density spatial pattern is highly consistent with the agricultural strategic pattern of the national main functional area;4) The fractal characteristics of OVOP are significant and the structure is complex. The rural population, the added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery,cultivated land area, grain yield, fruit yield and total aquatic product output are the core influencing factors of spatial structure characteristics.