路径依赖与多重锁定下的乡村建设解析

Path Dependence and Multiple Lock-in Process in Rural Construction

以旅游业为导向的乡村振兴活动经过十余年的发展,越来越多的乡村异化现象让学界逐渐意识到政府主导、资本驱动的乡村发展模式的不可持续性。基于经济地理学中的路径依赖理论,构建乡村发展演化的解释模型。以乡村旅游业中率先崛起的南京市江宁区石塘村为例,分析典型旅游型乡村的发展演化历程与路径依赖形成机制。发现自我强化机制的存在,使得石塘村的建设模式出现认知锁定、经济锁定和治理锁定。多重锁定之间交叉重叠、相互增强,最终导致乡村旅游业发展的不可持续。乡村建设过程中政府和资本的介入固然重要,但路径突破的根本在于乡村善治与社区精神的重塑。

The tourism-oriented rural revival activity has been developing for more than ten years. More and more rural alienation problems make the scholars gradually realize that the state-led, capital-driven rural development model is unsustainable. Based on the path dependence theory, this paper establishes an evolutionary model of rural development.Taking Shitang Village in Jiangning District of Nanjing as research object, this paper analyzes the evolutionary trajectory of the village and finds that, due to the mechanism of self-reinforcing, three lock-ins existing in Shitang are cognitive lock-in, economic lock-in and governance lock-in. Such overlapping lock-ins eventually lead to an unsustainable rural tourism development path. Though the involvement of government and capital is important in rural construction, a fundamental breakthrough of the dilemma lies in conducting rural good governance and remodeling ethos of the community.