武警某部战士膳食营养素与体成分的相关性

Correlations between dietary nutrients and body composition in Armed Police Force soldiers

目的探讨武警某部战士膳食与体成分的关系,为进一步提供科学的膳食结构和强化战士体能水平打下理论基础。方法整群选择武警某部137名战士作为调查对象,采用三日称重法对其食堂伙食供应情况连续调查,计算其能量及三大营养素摄入情况;采用人体成分分析仪测定体成分,包括身体总水分、肌肉量、体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积和腰臀比,采用多元回归分析食物能量及三大营养素与体成分之间的关联。结果调研的战士每日膳食能量摄入量为3591. 5 kcal,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入量分别为(98. 6±18. 2) g、(138. 9±24. 1) g和(484. 8±78. 2) g;调查对象的身体总水分为(38. 5±7. 2) kg,肌肉量为(43. 7±10. 7) kg,体脂百分比为(17. 6±5. 3)%,内脏脂肪面积为(58. 6±14. 2) cm^2,腰臀比为(81. 0±15. 2)%。饮食蛋白质摄入量与身体总水分和肌肉量呈正相关,脂肪摄入量与体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积呈正相关(P <0. 05),碳水化合物摄入量与体脂百分比和腰臀比呈负相关(P <0. 05)。结论饮食结构与战士体成分关系密切,应适当调整基层部队的膳食结构,对于降低体脂百分比、提高运动能力、保障军人身体健康具有重要意义。

Objective To study the correlations between dietary nutrients and body composition among soldiers of the Armed Police Force. Methods We investigated the dietary intake of 137 soldiers via a successive three-day survey and measured their body composition,including the total body water,muscle mass,fat mass percentage,visceral fat area and waist-to-hip ratio. Logistic regression models and the one-way ANOVA were used to assess the correlations between dietary nutrients and body composition.Results The average energy intake of the soldiers was 3591 kcal/d,while the intake of protein,fat and carbohydrates was( 98. 6 ±18. 2) g,( 138. 9 ± 24. 1) g and( 484. 8 ± 78. 2) g respectively. The total body water,muscle mass,fat mass percentage,visceral fat area and the waist to hip ratio were( 38. 5 ± 7. 2) kg,( 43. 7 ± 10. 7) kg,( 17. 6 ± 5. 3)%,( 58. 6 ± 14. 2) cm^2,and( 81. 0 ± 15. 2)% respectively. With the increase of dietary intake of proteins,the total body water and muscle mass were significantly increased. With the increase of dietary fat intake,the fat mass percentage and visceral fat area were significantly increased. The intake of carbohydrates could reduce the soldiers’ body fat percentage and waist to hip ratio. Conclusions Dietary nutrients may have a direct effect on the body composition so that we should try to ensure a proper dietary structure to keep the balance of the body metabolism.