药物缓释系统在青光眼治疗中的应用

Application of drug sustained release system in glaucoma treatment

青光眼是当前第一位不可逆性致盲性眼病,眼内压间断或持续升高是重要的危险因素,也是唯一可控的因素。青光眼引起的视功能损伤是不可逆的,目前唯一被证实有效的治疗方法是降眼压,采取的主要手段是药物、激光和手术。药物治疗主要是滴眼液局部给药,这种传统滴眼液给药存在一定的局限性;药物的生物利用度也受角膜上皮细胞渗透性特点以及血-房水和血-视网膜屏障的影响;另外,多数青光眼患者需要联合使用数种降眼压药物,每天多次使用,才能达到理想的眼压水平,因此患者的依从性非常重要。必须最大限度减少给药次数、延长给药间隔,从而降低对患者用药依从性的依赖,同时增加眼部给药的生物利用度提高疗效。近年来,药物缓释系统的开发和临床应用为解决上述问题提供了可能。本文就药物缓释系统在青光眼药物的研究进展进行归纳和总结,希望能为其临床应用提供参考。

Glaucoma is the first irreversible blinding eye disease currently.Intermittent or continuous increase in intraocular pressure(IOP)is an important risk factor,and is the only controllable one.Visual function impairment caused by glaucoma is irreversible.The only effective confirmed treatment is IOP control.The main methods are drugs,lasers,and surgery.Drug treatment is mainly the local administration of eye drops,and has certain limitations.Bioavailability of the drug is also affected by the permeability of corneal epithelial cells and the effects of blood-aqueous humor and blood-retinal barriers.In addition,most glaucoma patients need to use several kinds of antihypertensive drugs in combination,many times a day,in order to achieve the ideal IOP.Therefore,patient compliance is very important.It is necessary to minimize the times of administrations and prolong the administration interval to reduce the dependence on the patient’s medication compliance and increase the bioavailability of the ocular administration,so as to improve the therapeutic effect.In recent years,the development and clinical application of drug sustained release systems have made it possible to solve the above problems.In this paper,the research progress of drug sustained release system in glaucoma treatment is summarized,so as to provide reference for its clinical application.