宁波市养老院老年人吞咽功能障碍调查

Swallowing Dysfunction for Old People in Nursing Homes in Ningbo

目的调查宁波市养老院老年人吞咽障碍的现患率,分析其相关因素.方法 2017年8月至2018年4月,抽取宁波市8家养老院60岁及以上老年人997例,采用一般调查问卷、洼田饮水试验、体质量指数及生活质量指数进行调查.采用Logistic回归分析吞咽障碍影响因素.结果 997例中,共有吞咽障碍者259例(25.98%),年龄、男性、高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、冠心病、脑卒中和骨折是吞咽障碍风险发生的危险因素(P<0.01);体质量过轻者占19.2%,吞咽障碍者中体质量过轻者占63.3%;生活质量指数总分随着年龄增长而显著下降(F=18.706,P<0.001),男性总分高于女性(t=2.516,P=0.012),有吞咽障碍者显著低于吞咽正常者(t=7.176,P<0.001).结论宁波市养老院老年人吞咽障碍患病率较高,应及早采取干预措施.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dysphagia in old people in nursing homes in Ningbo and analyze its related factors. Methods From August, 2017 to April, 2018, 997 people aged 60 or above were selected from eight nursing homes in four districts in Ningbo. They were investigated with general questionnaire, Kubota water swallowing test, body mass index (BMI) and Quality of Life Index (QLI), and the data were analyzed with Logistic regression. Results There were 259 (25.98%) persons with dysphagia. Age, male, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke and fracture were risk factors for dysphagia (P < 0.01). There were 19.2% with low BMI in total, and 63.3% for dysphagia. The total score of QLI decreased with age (F = 18.706, P < 0.001), more in males than in females (t = 2.516, P = 0.012), and less in those with dysphagia than with normal swallowing (t = 7.176, P < 0.001). Conclusion Dysphagia is prevalent in the old people in nursing homes in Ningbo, which needs early intervention.