发达国家老年照护体系的比较分析——以美国、日本、德国为例

Comparative Analysis of Care System for Older Adults in Developed Countries——Taking the United States,Japan and Germany as Examples

建立和完善老年照护体系是人口老龄化趋势下的必然选择。基于从运作系统(政策法规和监督机制)、目标系统(照护对象和综合评估体系)、资源系统(照护提供者、机构设施和筹资机制)和传递系统(服务形式和服务内容)等几个方面对美国、德国、日本的长期照护体系及实践经验的比较分析可见,倡导“就地养老”的照护理念、整合资源实现综合性照护、建立政府为主导的多方筹资机制以及建立科学的评估体系和监控体系对我国构建老年照护体系具有重要启示。

Establishing and improving the care system for older adults is an inevitable choice under the trend of population aging.This study makes a comparative analysis of the long-term care system and practical experience in the United States,Germany,and Japan from four dimensions,including operational system (regulations and supervisions),target system (clients and integrated assessment),resource system (service providers,facilities,and financing mechanism) and delivery system (forms and contents of care service).The results show that advocating "aging-in-place",integrating resources to achieve comprehensive care,establishing a government-oriented multiparty financing mechanism,a scientific assessment system and a supervisory management mechanism have important implications for the construction of care system for older adults in China.