新时代民众社会公平正义要求的主要特征——基于两轮问卷调查数据的分析

The Main Characteristics of the People’s Requirements for Social Fairness and Justice in the New Era——An Analysis of Data Based on Two Rounds of Questionnaire Survey

民众的公平正义要求是社会价值观念的重要组成部分,具有动态变化的特征,并且会对相关政策产生影响。在中国特色社会主义新时代,亟须深入了解民众社会公平正义要求的主要特征及其发展变化情况。基于2014年和2017年两轮社会公平正义认知状况调查问卷得出的数据表明,新时代民众的社会公平正义价值偏好具有相对稳定的特征。在多元化的社会价值中,民众更为关注养老和社会保障、收入分配、社会安全等;民众对于社会总体公平正义状况和公共政策的公平正义程度评价呈现出不断升高的趋势;民众的社会公平正义原则偏好呈现出相对稳定的实质正义特征,更加关注结果的合理性,但是在具体公平正义原则偏好上仍然存在一定的分歧。

The people’s requirements for fairness and justice are an important part of social values and are typical of dynamic changes, which have an impact on relevant policies. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is urgent to understand the main characteristics of the requirements of social fairness and justice and their development and change. Based on the data of two rounds of questionnaires on the cognitive status of social fairness and justice in 2014 and 2017, the research shows that the values of social fairness and justice in the new era have relatively stable characteristics. In the diversified social values, the people pay more attention to pension and social security, income distribution, social security, etc.;the people’s evaluation of overall social equity and fairness of public policy shows an increasing trend;the preference of the principle of social justice of the people presents a relatively stable characteristic of substantive justice and pays more attention to the rationality of the result, but there are still some differences in the preferences of specific justice principles.