人工智能发展的就业影响研究

A Study of Influence of Artificial Intelligence Development on Employment

区别于一般的技术进步,人工智能具有使能技术和通用技术特征,对就业会产生更加深远的影响,具体表现为替代淘汰部分传统岗位,填补人类劳动者难以胜任或不愿意从事的岗位,催生新产业从而创造新的就业岗位,最重要的影响是改变劳动力就业结构。人工智能的加速发展和应用,并且在行业间和地域间迅速扩散,会造成结构性失业并拉大收入差距,但同时也会创造高收入就业岗位和缓解劳动力成本上涨压力。就中国而言,利用人工智能促进就业增长和优化就业结构,应重点加强人机协作相关技术研发和制度创新,加强伦理道德研究并保护劳动者权益,以及进行教育改革以适应人工智能时代的要求。

Different from general technology improvement,artificial intelligence has the characteristics of enabling technology and general technology to have far-reaching influence on employment.The specific performance is to replace some of the traditional positions,to fill the positions that human workers are difficult or unwilling to engage in,to create new jobs and create new jobs.The most important influence is to change the employment structure of the labor force.The accelerated development and application of artificial intelligenceand rapid spreading of industries and regions may cause structural unemployment and widen the income gap,but at the same time create high-income job positions and ease the pressure on labor cost increasing.For China,we can take advantage of artificial intelligence to promote employment growth and upgrade employment structure,focus on strengthening technology research and system innovation related to human-machine collaboration and ethical research and protection of human workers' rights,and reform education to adapt to needs of the artificial intelligence.