基于“内外同治之理”探讨穴位贴敷疗法的中医理论体系

Exploration of TCM Theoretical System of Acupoint Application Based on Simultaneous Treatment of Internal and External

“穴位贴敷”一词,首见于《针灸资生经》,属中医外治之法,既可治外症,也可内病外治,内治、外治之法在理、方、药等方面相通,仅仅是治疗方法的不同。正如清代集外治法之大成,被后人誉为“外治之宗”的吴尚先在《理瀹骈文》中写道“外治之理,即内治之理;外治之药,亦即内治之药,所异者,法耳”。故遵此提出穴位贴敷疗法的理论核心为“内外同治之理”。该理论指出穴位贴敷疗法以中医理论为依据,并以辨证论治和整体观念为重要原则,根据脏腑-经络系统,选取一定的穴位,并采用相应的药物进行贴敷治疗,是针灸与方药巧妙结合的产物。本研究基于穴位贴敷疗法的理论核心“内外同治之理”依次从穴位贴敷疗法的古文献记载、中医基础理论以及“内外同治之理”的具体内容3个方面进行详细阐述,为其临床应用提供有力证据,使其得到更广泛的应用。

Acupoint application first appeared in the book of Classic on Health Care with Acupuncture and Moxibustion.Acupoint application is a commonly used external treatment therapy of TCM,which can not only treat external diseases,but also treat internal diseases by external therapy.Internal therapy and external therapy are mutually penetrated in terms of principle-recipe-medicines,only the way of treatment is different.As WU Shangxian said in Rhymed Discourses on External Therapy “the principle of internal therapy is the principle of external therapy,the medicine of internal treatment is also the medicine for external treatment”.Therefore the core of acupoint application is the internal and external treatment theory.It put forward the TCM theory is the foundation,holism concept,syndrome differentiation and treatment are cardinal principles.Accrding to the theory of channels and collaterals,specific acupoints were selected for the application with appropriate herbs.Based on the theoretical core of acupoint application therapy and the same therapeutic effect inside and outside,this study elaborated on the ancient literature records of acupoint application therapy,the basic theory of TCM and the specific content of simultaneous treatment of internal and external,and its clinical application.It provided strong evidence to make it more widely used.