微小RNA与近视的相关研究

Relationship between microRNAs and myopia

微小RNA(miRNA)是一类能在转录后水平对靶mRNA进行调控的非编码小RNA,在多种生物学过程中发挥重要的调节作用,属于表观遗传学范畴。既往研究认为近视是由遗传和环境因素共同作用的复杂疾病,近年来发现表观遗传调控与近视关系密切,其中miRNA对近视的发生及发展起着重要的作用。本文将介绍miRNA的结构与功能,从miRNA在近视相关组织(视网膜和巩膜)中的差异表达以及miRNA对同源盒基因6(PAX6)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1链(COL1A1)基因和基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)基因等近视相关基因的调控等方面,对近视研究领域的miRNA研究进展进行综述。

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a kind of non-coding small RNAs,which can regulate target mRNA at post-transcriptional level and play an important regulatory role in a variety of biological processes in epigenetics field.Myopia is a complex disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors.Recently,epigenetic regulation has been found to be closely related to pathogenesis of myopia,in which miRNA play an important role.This article briefly introduced structure and function of miRNAs,differential expression of miRNA in ocular tissues (retina and sclera) and miRNA regulation of myopia-related genes,such as paired box 6 ( PAX 6 ),type I collagen α1 chain ( COL 1A1 ) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 ( MMP 2 ).The progress of miRNAs research was reviewed.