弱视抑制的研究进展

Advances on interocular suppression in amblyopia

随着视觉科学研究的不断深入,不平衡的眼间交互抑制被认为是弱视的重要发病机制。抑制在弱视的单眼与双眼视觉缺损中起重要作用。弱视抑制涉及的解剖部位非常复杂,包括V1区以下的视觉通路、V1区及更高级的中枢系统。目前,定量评估和脱抑制成为弱视治疗的新方向,因此我们需要详细了解正常人和弱视患者双眼交互的特点,了解弱视抑制与正常人竞争抑制机制的异同。近年来弱视抑制的定量评估主要基于双眼分视的心理物理学方法,由于不同方法涉及的视觉机制并不完全相同,其临床应用存在标准化的问题。新的弱视治疗以降低抑制为靶点,注重恢复双眼视功能。本文就目前关于抑制在弱视发病机制的关键作用、视觉机制、解剖定位、定量评估方法及以抑制为靶点的双眼弱视治疗的研究现状进行综述。

As visual science developed,imbalance interocular suppression was considered as the key mechanism in patients with amblyopia,and suppression played a key role in both monocular and binocular deficits that characterized amblyopia.Suppression in amblyopia involved complicated anatomical sites,including visual pathway below V1,V1 and higher central systems.At present,quantitative assessment and reduction of suppression have become a new approach of amblyopia treatment.Therefore,we need to understand characteristics of binocular interaction of normal subject and amblyopia in detail,and to understand the similarities and differences between the mechanism of suppression of amblyopia and binocular rivalry suppression in normal observers.In recent years,the quantitative assessment of amblyopia suppression is mainly based on dichoptic psychophysical paradigm.Because different mechanisms are involved,so there is a standardization problem in clinical application.The new treatment of amblyopia focused on reducing suppression and restoring binocular function.This review aimed to provide an overview of recent studies that have investigated the key role of suppression in pathogenesis of amblyopia,and the relevant visual mechanism,anatomic locations,measurements and treatment of suppression in amblyopia.