美国对印尼的军事教育培训援助:内容、目标与成效

U.S. Military Education and Training Aid to Indonesia: Content, Objectives and Effects

作为美国对外军事教育培训援助的关键组成部分,国际军事教育与训练项目(International Military Education and Training Program)由国务院主导,国防安全合作局和国防部共同管理,向盟友和友好国家提供美式军事培训与教育课程。该项目创始于20世纪60年代,发展至今已具有相对完备的法律体系、组织机构及运转模式,体现了美国在对外安全援助领域的创新。基于印度尼西亚的战略价值,美国对其开展的军事教育与训练项目主要围绕人权问题、民主化改革和反恐合作三大议题,以双方认同为基础密切军事联系,以核心人物和利益集团为重点深化美国影响,目光长远、潜移默化地进行思想熏陶并建构"美式认同",推动了美国对印尼政治外交战略的实现,充分体现了对外军事教育培训援助对于实现援助国对外战略的重要意义。

As a vital part of foreign military education and training aid, the U.S. International Military Education and Training Program (IMET) is led by the Department of State and co-managed by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency and the Ministry of Defense. It aims at providing American military training and education courses to allies and friendly countries. The IMET program was founded in the 1960s and has developed a relatively complete legal system, organizational structure and operational mode, reflecting the innovation in the field of foreign security assistance. Based on the strategic value of Indonesia, the U.S. IMET program towards it mainly focuses on the three major issues: human rights, democratization reforms and anti-terrorism cooperation. Besides, resting upon the mutual recognition of the two sides, the IMET program focuses on the core interest groups in Indonesia and puts emphasis on long-term and imperceptible ideological edification and building "American identity" to promote the development of Indonesia's military education and training programs. As a result, it plays an important role as the foreign military education and training aid in achieving the foreign strategic goals of the donor country.