相变储能材料及其应用研究进展

Research status and application of phase change materials

人类在面临化石能源枯竭的同时,对能量的利用率依然还停留在较低的水平。因此,在大力发展新能源的同时,着力研发节能环保新材料新技术具有十分重要的意义。相变材料(phase-change materials,PCM)是一种节能环保的储能材料,它在蓄热与温控等领域具有大规模商业应用的潜力。本文首先对相变储能材料的基本特征、工作原理以及分类等方面作了简要的介绍;并就相变储能材料在温控与蓄热等领域的应用与发展情况进行了具体的分析,指出了PCM的性能是制约其深入广泛应用的主要技术障碍。在此基础上,详细评述了PCM存在的主要问题以及针对这些问题开展的相关研究工作和最新发展动态,指出通过功能复合等新技术优化材料性能、设计新材料体系、拓展新的应用领域将是相变储能材料未来的主要发展方向。

Currently,the utilization efficiency of energy still remains at a low level,although the depletion of fossil fuel is appoaching.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop new materials and technologies for energy-saving and environment protection.Phase-change materials (PCM),which can absorb or release heat through inversible phase change,are very promising in the fields of heat storage and thermal management.In this paper,the characteristics and classification of PCM were introduced briefly in the first section,and then the application and development status of PCM were reviewed and analyzed detailedly.In the third part,the main problems of PCM were pointed out,and the related research work and recent research progress were analyzed and discussed.Finally,it was pointed out that optimizing material properties through new functional composite technology,designing new material system,expanding new application fields are the main development directions of phase change energy storage materials.