“为他人谋取利益”之实证分析与理论重构——由行为属性说转向职务属性说

Empirical Analysis and Theoretical Reconstruction on “Seeking Benefits for Others”——From Behavior -Attribute Theory to Duty-Attribute Theory

对于受贿罪之"为他人谋取利益"要素的认定,2016年《关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第13条兼采各种学说,尝试实用主义的解决方案。但实证分析发现,这种"解释"及其背后的学说在客观上无助于受贿预防,主观上几乎被法官虚置。因此,应将研究路径转向教义分析,按照从受贿罪法益到受贿罪构成,再到谋利要件的进路,逐层递进地推导出谋利要件的内涵,使之由行为属性说转向职务属性说。职务属性说能有效回应各种理论争议。从立法论看,它有利于平息受贿罪法益的争议;从解释论看,它有利于消解受贿罪构成的内部冲突;从司法论看,它有利于反腐败司法实践。

As for the determination of"seeking benefits for others" in the crime of bribery,Article 13 of the Interpretation of Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases of Corruption and Bribery put forward by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 2016 adopted various theories to try pragmatic solutions.However,the empirical study found that the interpretation and the doctrine behind it make no contribution to the prevention of bribery,thus have almost been abandoned in juridical practice.So the theory reconstruction should be taken and the research path should be switched to doctrine analysis.The analysis should go layer-to-layer from the legal interest of the crime of bribery to its structure,and then to the element of benefit-seeking,so that the behavior-attribute theory will be transformed to duty-attribute theory.It can settle the debates in the legal interest of the crime of bribery in legislation,solve the conflicts constituted by the crime of bribery,and be beneficial to the prevention of bribery in judicial practice.