风险社会视角下医疗损害责任立法之反思——兼评《民法典侵权责任编(草案)》的相关规定

Rethinking the Medical Malpractice Liability Law from the Perspective of Risk Society——Comments on the Provisions of the Tort Liability in the Civil Code (Draft)

风险社会理论为医疗损害责任立法提供了新的视野和思路。医疗风险是现代医疗活动的产物,是技术性与社会性的结合,法律应对医疗风险进行治理和分配。从治理医疗组织风险的角度,应以组织过错责任取代现有的替代责任立法。应当强化对于沟通风险的治理,完善患者知情同意权的规定,实现医患双方的共同决定。对于输入性的医疗产品风险和输血风险,应建立社会化的分担机制,限定医疗机构的责任。

The theory of risk society provides a new perspective and ideas for the legislation of medical malpractice liability.Medical risk is the product of modern medical activities,and a combination of technicality and sociality.The law shall deal with the management and distribution of risks.From the perspective of managing the risks in medical organizations,the present legal model of vicious liability needs to be replaced by organizational liability.In order to manage the communication risks,the provisions on the right to informed consent of patients should be improved,and the joint decision of both doctors and patients should be realized.For introduced risks caused by medical product and blood transfusion,a social distribution mechanism should be established to limit the responsibilities of medical institutions.