基于信息结构理论的现代汉语空缺句研究

Gapping in Mandarin Chinese:A Language Information Structure Perspective

文章基于信息结构理论,通过语料可接受度对比测试,认为汉语中存在空缺句,语境有助于提高其可接受度。汉语空缺句是话题—评述结构,借助对比话题和对比焦点传达对比信息。焦点判定和对比信息强弱是影响空缺句可接受度的主要因素。数量词、指示词和祈使语气可加强对比信息,提高可接受度;而副词、否定词和释因类句式会影响焦点判定,降低可接受度。

Based on Language Information Structure Theory and a contrast test of the acceptability of gapping data, this paper identifies that gapping exists in Mandarin Chinese. The linguistic context helps to improve and understand its acceptability. Mandarin Chinese gapping is a typical Topic-Comment Structure, and it transmits contrastive information by means of contrastive topic and contrastive focus. The roles of focus and the strength of contrastive information are the main factors affecting gapping's acceptability. Quantifiers, demonstratives and imperative mood can increase the acceptability by strengthening contrastive information. Adverbs, negators and effect-cause complex sentences can decrease the acceptability by influencing the roles of focus.