茶树精油对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌作用的研究

Study on the antibacterial effects of tea tree oil on Staphylococcus aureus

【目的】探讨茶树精油的抗菌作用。【方法】采用药敏试验检测茶树精油体外抑菌效果;通过滴鼻法建立金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠致肺炎模型,小鼠吸嗅30min茶树精油,每天2次连续7d,试验结束小鼠称重、采血,生化分析仪和细菌培养分别检测血常规和肺脏细菌定殖率,显微镜观察组织结构变化。【结果】茶树精油组抑菌圈大于10mm,茶树精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有明显抑制作用。与对照组比较,模型组小鼠感染金黄色葡萄球菌后其反应明显增强、采食减少、体重明显减轻,肺脏指数升高,肺组织细菌定殖率升高,血液中炎性细胞数明显增加、IL-6含量升高;肉眼观察小鼠肺脏肿胀充血、肺叶上有出血斑,肺组织有硬肿块,肺门淋巴结肿大;镜检观察肺脏结构发生明显的变化。与模型组比较,茶树精油组小鼠吸嗅茶树精油后反应较温和,采食和体重稍有增加,肺脏指数降低,肺脏细菌定殖率下降,血液中IL-6和炎性细胞数明显降低;小鼠肺组织充血减轻,肺泡间隙炎性细胞浸润减少,肺泡结构完整性逐步恢复,接近对照组。【结论】茶树精油能明显缓解小鼠因金黄色葡萄球菌感染引起的炎症反应,其具有一定的抗菌作用。

【Objective】 The experiment was to investigate the antibacterial effects of tea tree essential oil.【Methods】 The inhibitory bacterial effects of tea tree essential oil in vitro were detected by drug susceptibility test. Mouse pneumonia model was established by nasal drip with Staphylococcus aureus , and the mice smell tea tree essential oil for 30 min twice a day and consecutive seven days. At the end of the experiment, the mice were weighed and the blood was collected. Biochemical analysis and bacterial culture was used to analyze the routine blood indicators and bacterial colonizing in lungs respectively. Tissue lesions were observed under microscope.【Results】 The antibacterial circle of tea tree essential oil group was more than 10 mm, indicating that tea tree essential oil had obvious inhibitory effect on E.coli , and Staphylococcus aureus in tea tree essential group. Compared with control group, the mice in model group showed significantly enhanced response, decreased feeding, significantly reduced body weight, increased lung index, increased bacterial colonization rate of lung tissue, significantly increased inflammatory cell count and IL-6 content in the blood after infection with Staphylococcus aureus . Macroscopically, the lungs of mice were swollen and congested blood, and there were blood spots on the pulmonary lobes, hard masses in the lung tissues, and hilar lymph nodes were enlarged. The changes of pulmonary structure were observed by microscopic examination. Compared with model group, the mice in the tea tree essential oil group had a mild reaction after inhaling and smelling the essential oil, slight increase in food intake and body weight, decreased lung index, decreased colonization rate of pulmonary bacteria, and significantly decreased IL-6 and inflammatory cell number in the blood. Pulmonary hyperemia was reduced, inflammatory cell infiltration in alveolar space was decreased, and alveolar structural integrity was gradually restored, close to that of the control group.【Conclusion】Tea tree essential oil could obviously alleviate the inflammatory reaction caused by staphylococcus aureus infection in the mice, which showed that it had certain antibacterial activity.