我国意思表示错误制度之构建——以反思“重大误解”与维护交易安全为线索

The Construction of the System of Intention Errors in China ——Taking the Reflection on “Major Misunderstanding” and the Maintenance of Transaction Security as the Clue

司法界与理论界均认为我国重大误解制度之规范功能与德国的"错误"制度相似。《民法通则》关于"重大误解"制度的粗糙立法导致"重大误解"条款过于简陋与抽象,无法实现德国法"错误"制度之规范功能,即便2017年颁布的《民法总则》也没能弥补该缺憾。宜将目前立法中的"重大误解"改为"意思表示错误"。意思说因其过于重视表意人之真意,具有不利于保护交易安全等诸多弊端,故意思表示错误制度的立法价值应选择以保护交易安全为主的表示说。应以交易安全保护为线索以及具体化意思表示错误类型来构建我国意思表示错误制度。

From general principles of civil law to general principles of civil code,the system of "major misunderstanding" has been controversial.Both judicial and academic circles hold that the normative function of China's major misunderstanding system is similar to that of Germany's "irrtum" system.However,due to the rough legislation of the "major misunderstanding" system in the general principles of civil law,the provisions of "major misunderstanding" are too simple and abstract.Even the general principles of civil code which was promulgated in 2017 fails to make up for this deficiency.Therefore,it would be appropriate to replace the words "major misunderstanding" in the current legislation with the words "error of intention".There is a debate on the legislative value orientation of "wrong expression of meaning" in the academic circle.Because it pays too much attention to the real meaning of the representor,it is not conducive to the protection of transaction security and so on.Based on the clue of transaction security protection and the concrete type of intention error,this paper constructs the system of intention error in our country,and finally puts forward some suggestions for the legislation reference of the system of intention error in our civil code.