受益型侵权中获利剥夺的性质及适用——基于获利剥夺请求权独立的思考

On the Nature and Application of Gain-deprivation in Gain-based Tort ——Reflection on the Independence of Gain-deprivation Claim

受益型侵权行为的核心特征在于侵权人从侵权行为中"获利",现行立法中将获利剥夺作为损害赔偿的一种计算方式,产生将"获利"等同于"损害"的逻辑悖论。从利益归属、侵权法多元化功能及矫正正义的角度,获利剥夺都有其正当性基础,而不必将其强行纳入损害赔偿体系。获利剥夺的范围是一个弹性空间,在确定责任数额时需要结合多种影响因素进行综合判断。各因素的作用力由提出主张的一方当事人承担举证责任,同时适用诉讼制度上的证据披露及举证妨碍规则,以对获利进行公平合理的份额分割。

The key character of Gain-based tort is the "gain" infringer obtained from the tort,and gain-deprivation is regulated as a calculated mode of damages in current legislation,which leads to a logical paradox that "gain" is "damage".The legitimacy of gain-deprivation is based on the interest ascription,mult-function of tort law and corrective justice,so it's not necessary to bring gain-based tort to the system of damages.The scope of gain-deprivation is an elastic space,various factors influence the calculation of liability amount.To divide the profit fairly and reasonably,the party who claims should prove the effort of the factors,combine with the application of the rule of evidence disclosure and evidence obstruction.