学科交叉直接测度研究

Direct Measurement of the Degree of Interdisciplinarity

当前,学科间的交叉融合趋势越来越明显,科学研究的深入开展越来越需要不同学科学者的协同创新,如何测度学科间的交叉性是一个重要的研究课题。在阐述模型构建基本思想的基础上,从文献直引、文献耦合和共关键词三个方面构建了学科交叉直接测度综合模型。利用Web of Science 中信息科学与图书馆学的相关数据,与其他六个学科(如管理学、计算机科学-信息系统)的交叉度进行了计算分析,并从内部比较(综合模型与单指标模型比较)和外部比较(与当前主流指标模型比较)两个方面展开了实证研究。研究结果表明,本文所提出的模型具有一定的比较优势:原理上更科学、更简单易操作、更符合实际情况、区分度更强、结果更易理解,是一种探测学科交叉度的有效方法。

At present, interdisciplinary integration is becoming more pronounced, thus requiring additional collaborative innovation of scholars from different disciplines. Accordingly, the measurement of the degree of interdisciplinarity becomes an important research task. After elaborating the theoretical basis of model construction, a comprehensive model of direct interdisciplinary measurement is constructed from three aspects: direct citation, bibliographic coupling, and co-keywords. Based on Web of Science data, this paper discusses the interdisciplinary relation between information science and library science, as well as six other subjects related to management, computer science, and information systems. In addition, the study conducts empirical research from two aspects: internal comparisons (comprehensive vs. single-indicator models) and external comparisons with current mainstream indicator models. The results prove that the model proposed in this paper has comparative advantages: it is more scientific in principle, easier to manipulate, better aligned with the current situation, stronger discrimination, and the results are easier to interpret. Therefore, it provides an effective method to detect the degree of interdisciplinarity.