外国直接投资的决定因素和动机:理论起源及其演进

The Determinants and Motivations of Foreign Direct Investment: the Origin and Evolution of Theory

学者们提出了一些解释外国直接投资(FDI)的理论,然而,没有任何单一的理论普遍适用于不同类型的直接投资或某一特定跨国公司或国家在任何区域的投资。本文追溯了近几十年来外国直接投资理论的发展演变,试图探究外国直接投资的决定因素和根本动机,并解释第三世界跨国公司的增长现象。尽管FDI理论的适用性因投资的类型和起源而异,不过,这些理论都一致认为,企业迁移海外获得了其以区位、企业特有或市场国际化方式而享有的优势所带来的利益。最后提出了需要进一步研究的问题。

scholars have put forward some theories to explain foreign direct investment(FDI). However, no single theory is appropriate for different types of direct investment or for the investment made by a particular multinational or a country in any region.This paper traces the development and evolution of theories of foreign direct investment in recent decades, and tries to explore the determinants and underlying motives of FDI and to explain the growth phenomenon of the third world multinational companies. The applicability of the theory of FDI varies depending on the type and origin of the investment. However, all of these theories unanimously agree that a firm moves abroad to reap the benefits of the advantages in the form of location, firm-specific or internationalization way of markets. Finally, we put forward some problems requiring further investigation.