细菌性食物中毒的微生物学检验

Microbiological Examination of Bacterial Food Poisoning

目的对细菌性食物中毒的原因进行分析,探讨微生物检验的效果,总结微生物检验的操作方法、流程规范。方法随机选择萍乡地区疾病预防控制中心2016年6月至2017年12月36例确定的细菌性食物中毒事件进行回顾性分析。其中,抽检18例患者服用过的食物以及中毒后的呕吐物,对12例与中毒事件有关联的厨师进行了手试子检验,同时对6例细菌性食物中毒事件的食品操作间进行了采样检查,以此来分析和探索导致食物中毒的真实原因。在本次检验中,按照相关法律规定对包含沙门菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及副溶血性弧菌在内的引发食物中毒事件进行检查,符合流程规范。结果根据细菌种类的检出率结果显示,沙门菌最高为10%,其次是蜡样芽胞杆菌8.89%、金黄色葡萄球菌6.11%,检出率最低的是副溶血性弧菌3.33%。根据检测样品分类,细菌检出率最高是食品83.33%,其次是中毒患者的呕吐物39.29%,厨师手试子的检出率为22.7%,最低的是食物操作间的厨具仅为6.41%。结论微生物检验能够准确的分析出到底是何种细菌类型导致食物中毒,最大污染源是哪里,能够为临床医师的治疗和诊断提供有效、可靠的依据。

Objective To analyze the causes of bacterial food poisoning, to explore the effect of microbiological testing, and to summarize the operation methods and process specifications of microbiological testing. Methods A randomized selection of 36 patients with bacterial food poisoning from June 2016 to December 2017 was selected as the subject of this study. Among them, 18 samples of patients took food and vomit after poisoning, 12 hand-tested chefs related to poisoning incidents were tested, and6 food operation rooms for bacterial food poisoning incidents were sampled. Check to analyze and explore the real causes of food poisoning. In this inspection, food poisoning incidents including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were examined in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, in line with the process specifications. Results According to the detection rate of bacterial species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 10%, followed by Bacillus cereus 8.89% and Staphylococcus aureus6.11%. The lowest detection rate was pathogenic Escherichia coil 3.33%. According to the classification of the test samples, the highest bacterial detection rate was 83.33% of the food, followed by the vomit of the poisoned patients by 39.29%, the detection rate of the chef’s hand test was 22.7%, and the lowest was that the kitchen of the food operation room was only6.41%. Conclusion Microbiological testing can accurately analyze which type of bacteria causes food poisoning. Where is the biggest source of pollution, it can provide an effective and reliable basis for clinicians’ treatment and diagnosis.