力动态视角下汉语致役类动结式的语义建构及认知理据

Semantic Structuring and Cognitive Motivation of Chinese Causer-causee Resultative Construction from the Force Dynamic Perspective

汉语致役类动结式具有语力动态性,其结构简练而寓意丰富。从Talmy的力动态模型和认知转喻视角考察汉语致役类动结式的语义建构及认知理据,研究发现:(1)致役类动结式致事力量可源于恒力、力量转换和外力;(2)致役类动结式可分为恒力致役类动结式、力量转换致役类动结式以及外力致役类动结式;(3)致役类动结式“力量来源”的语义建构与动结式底层论元之间的指称关系紧密;(4)致役类动结式多样“力量来源”的理据是认知转喻,即在事件理想认知模型中,致役类动结式“使因事件”中的“致事”或“役事”代替整个事件,实现部分代整体的认知转喻路径。

Chinese Causer-causee Verb-resultative Construction bears illocutionary dynamic force with simple structure yet rich meanings. Based on force-dynamic patterns and cognitive metonymy, the present paper explores its semantic construction and generative motivation. The findings are as follows:(1) The dirving force of Chinese Causer-causee Verb-resultative Construction is diversified, including constant force, shifting force and external force.(2) Such construction can be categorized into constant-force Causer-causee Verb-resultative Construction, shifting-force Causer-causee Verb-resultative Construction and external-forceCauser-causee Verb-resultative Construction.(3) The semantic structuring of this construction s sources is closely connected with the underlying argument s referential relation.(4) The cognitive motivation of this construction is attributed to cognitive metonymy. In Idealized Cognitive Model, the causing event of Chinese Causer-causee Verb-resultative Construction is replaced by “agent” or “patient” so that the part-whole metonymy can be realized.