2017年成都市成华区中小学生健康体检结果分析

Analysis of health check-up findings of primary and middle school students from Chenghua district,Chengdu,2017

目的对成都市成华区中小学生进行全面健康体检,为进一步促进中小学生健康成长提供参考。方法按照《四川省中小学生健康体检管理办法》的要求,在成华区各社区卫生服务中心对该区76546名中小学生进行了健康体检,并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果整体上成华区中小学生身高、体质量和肺活量3个生长发育指标均呈现随年龄增长而增长的趋势。10~12岁女生平均身高高于男生,其他年龄段均是男生平均身高高于女生,且男生在全年龄段平均体质量及平均肺活量均高于女生。成华区中小学生营养不良、较低体质量、超质量和肥胖的检出率分别为2.8%,3.8%,13.0%及8.3%,其中男生的营养不良、较低体质量、超质量和肥胖的检出率分别为3.1%,4.5%,15.5%及10.4%,均高于女生的2.5%,3.0%,10.3%及5.9%(均P<0.05);6~12岁学生的营养不良和肥胖检出率分别为3.2%及8.9%,均高于13~18岁学生的2.0%及6.7%(均P<0.05),而其较低体质量和超质量的检出率分别为3.5%及12.7%,均低于13~18岁学生的4.5%及13.8%(均P<0.05)。成华区中小学生轻度近视、中度近视和重度近视的检出率分别为11.3%,18.9%和28.6%,其中女生轻度近视、中度近视和重度近视的检出率分别为12.1%,19.2%及30.5%,均高于男生的10.5%,18.6%及26.8%(均P<0.05)。此外,成华区中小学生乳牙龋齿和恒牙龋齿的检出率分别为29.9%和17.2%,其中男生的恒牙龋齿检出率为15.3%,低于女生的19.2%(P<0.05)。结论成都市成华区中小学生主要存在超质量、肥胖、近视及龋齿等健康问题,家长和学校应重视中小学生的合理膳食、适量运动、眼睛及牙齿的卫生保健等,以进一步提高该地区中小学生的健康水平。

Objective To analyze the health check-up findings of primary and middle school students from Chenghua district,Chengdu,so as to provide references to further promote healthy development of these students.Methods As required by “Administrative Regulation of Health Check-up for Primary and Middle School Students in Sichuan”,the community health service centers in Chenghua district preformed health check-up for a total of 76 546 students.data were collected and statistically analyzed.Results Overall,the height,body mass,and vital capacity of primary and middle school students tended to increase with age.The mean height of boys was higher than that of girls,except in the age group of 10-12 years.The mean body mass and vital capacity of boys were higher than those of girls in all age groups.The prevalence of malnutrition,low body mass,overweight,and obesity in these students was 2.8%,3.8%,13.0%,and 8.3%,respectively;these rates in boys were 3.1%,4.5%,15.5%,and 10.4%,respectively,all of which were higher as compared with girls (2.5%,3.0%,10.3%,and 5.9%,respectively,all P <0.05).The prevalence of malnutrition and obesity in the age group of 6-12 years was 3.2% and 8.9%,respectively,both of which were higher than those in the age group of 13-18 years (2.0% and 6.7%,respectively,both P <0.05),whereas the prevalence of low body mass and overweight in the age group of 6-12 years was 3.5% and 12.7%,respectively,both of which were lower than those in the age group of 13-18 years (4.5% and 13.8%,respectively,both P <0.05).The prevalence of mild,moderate and severe myopia was 11.3%,18.9%,and 28.6%,respectively;these rates in girls were 12.1%,19.2%,and 30.5%,respectively,all of which were higher as compared with boys (10.5%,18.6%,and 26.8%,respectively,all P < 0.05).Besides,the prevalence of decayed milk teeth and decayed permanent teeth was 29.9% and 17.2%,respectively;the prevalence of decayed permanent teeth was lower in boys than that in girls (15.3% versus 19.2%,P <0.05).Conclusion The primary and middle school students in Chenghua district,Chengdu have several health problems such as overweight,obesity,myopia,and decayed teeth.It is important for parents and teachers to pay attention to rational diet,regular exercise,ocular and dental hygiene,which may help to further promote health for these students.